A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Blümel, H. (1982): Die Rohrammer. Neue Brehm-Bücherei 544, DDR Wittenberg Lutherstadt.

Busse, P. C. (2000): Bird Station Manual. Gdansk 2000.

Dolnik, V. R. & V. M. Gavrilov (1971): Caloric equivalent of body weight variations in Chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). In: Bykhovski, B. E. ed., Bird Migrations, pp. 273 - 287. John Wiley & Sons 1973.

Dolnik, V. R. & V. M. Gavrilov (1971): Energy metabolism during flight of some passerines. In: Bykhovski, B. E. ed., Bird Migrations, pp. 288 - 296. John Wiley & Sons 1973.

Dornberger, W. (1979): Zur Biometrie der Rohrammer (Emberiza schoeniclus) am Neusiedler See und Koronia See. Vogelwarte 30: 28-32.

Ellegren, H. (1990): Autumn migration speed in Scandinavian Bluethroats (Luscinia s. svecica). Ring. & Migr. 11: 121 - 131.

The average speed of autumn migration in Bluethroats was estimated using two different methods: calculations on ringing recoveries and comparisons of median arrival dates at several stop-over sites. Estimates revealed by these two methods were similar, indicating that temporal data from stop-over sites can reliably monitor the timing of migration.

Females arrived before males at stop-over sites in Scandinavia (in juveniles mean difference 3 days, in adults 0.9 days), but estimates of migration speed were similar between sexes. The migration speed in juveniles was estimated to be 30 - 40 km per day for migration in Sweden, and to be 40 - 65 km per day for migration to Finland. Adult birds migrated significantly faster than juveniles during the first part of the autumn migration (100 - 110 km per day). It is suggested that the age differences in migration speed within Scandinavia may be due to differences in fat accumulation and stop-over times between the age classes. Possibly, simultaneous migration and completion of the post-juvenile moult also has a negative effect on the migration speed in juveniles.

The migration speed in juveniles increased as the autumn progressed, approaching average values of 100 km per day for migration in southwestern Asia. There are no data available that can explain this situation, although factors such as the rate of fat accumulation at differentstop-over sites along the migration route, experience and selection are discussed.


Grene, M. (1980): Synthese 43: Note on Simberloff Succession of Paradigms in Ecology. Synthese 43: 41 - 45.

Hansen, L. (1980): Birds killed at lights in Denmark 1886 - 1939. Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Naturhist. For. Kbhvn 116: 271 - 368.

Danish Summary in English translation: Since 1886 a large number of birds killed at lighthouses and lightships have been regularly sent to the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen University.


Kirchner, H. (1963): Der Bruchwasserl6auml;fer. Neue Brehm-Bücherei. Wittenberg-Lutherstadt.

Koch, H. J. & A. F. De Bont (1944): Influence de la mue sur l'intensité de métabolisme cher le Pinson, Fringilla coelebs coelebs L.. Ann. Soc. Zool. Belg. 75: 81-86.


Levins, R. & R. Lewontin (1980): Dialectics and Reductionism in Biology. Synthese 43: 47 - 48.


Pennycuick, C. J. (1975): Mechanics of flight. I: Farner, D. S. & J. R. King, eds., Avian Biology, Vol. V: 1 - 75.

Pettersson, J. (1983): Åldersbestämning av tättingar och vadare. Rapport från Ottenby fågelstation nr 1, 2 uppl.

Pinowski, J. & S. S. Kendeigh, eds. (1977): Granivorous Birds in Ecosystems. Cambr. Un. Press.


Rendahl, H. (1959): Beringungsergebnisse über die Wanderungen der schwedischen Arten der Gattung Emberiza. Ark. f. Zool.: 303 - 312.

Roos, G. (2000): Sträckfågelräkningar vid Falsterbo hösten 1999. Fåglar i Skåne 1999, Anser, suppl. 44: 65 - 91.


Simberloff, D. (1980a): A Succession of Paradigms in Ecology: Essentialism to Materialism and Probabilism. Synthese 43: 41 - 45.

Simberloff, D. (1980b): A Succession of Paradigms in Ecology: Essentialism to Materialism and Probabilism - Reply. Synthese 43: 79 - 93.

Sokal, R.R. & F.J. Rohlf (1995): Biometry - 3rd ed., 4th printing. Freeman, New York.

Steinbacher, R. W. (1986): Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Rohrammer, Emberiza schoeniclus (L.). J. Orn. 78: 471 - 487.

Summers, R. W. (1986): Breeding production of Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla in relation to lemming cycles. Bird Study 33: 105 - 108.

Summers, R. W. & L. G. Underhill (1987): Factors related to breeding production of Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla and Waders (Charadrii) on the Taimyr peninsula. Bird Study 34: 161 - 171.

Svensson, L. (1986): Identification Guide to European Passerines. 4th ed. Stockholm 1992.


Tordoff, H. B. & R. M. Mengel (1956): Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. Univ. of Kansas Publ. Museum of Nat. Hist. 10: 1 - 44.

Ulfstrand, S., G. Roos, T. Alerstam & L. Österdahl (1974): Visible Bird Migration at Falsterbo, Sweden. Vår Fågelvärld Supplementum 8. Lund 1974.


Vaurie, C. (1959): The Birds of the Palaearctic Fauna. A Systematic Reference. Order Passeriformes. Witherby, London.

Voous, K. H. (1960): Atlas of European Birds. Elsevier, Amsterdam.


Started 10.4.03, last corrected 26.1.04.