Footnotes1. al-Baqillani, al-Tamhid, p. 186. 2. al-Duri, al-Nuzum al-Islamiyyah, Vol. I, pp. 72-84. 3. al-Majlisi, Biha . ral-Anwar, Vol, XVII, p. 129. 4. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, p. 96. 5. Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, "Bab al-Fitan." 6. al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. 11, pp. 126-7. 7. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 344; Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. II, p.242; al-Bukhari, al-Sahih; Vol. I, p. 22; al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p.436. 8. al-Mas'Udi, Ithbat al-Wasiyyah; al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh. 9. Ibn , Asakir, al-Tarikh, Vol. III, p. 5; Riyad. al-Nadirah, Vol. II, p. 178. 10. Ibh Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, pp. 209-13; al-Haythami, Majma' al-Zawa'id, Vol. IX, pp. 163-5. 11. al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 150; al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. III, p. 298; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 130; al-Alusi, al-Tafsir, Vol. II, p. 172; al-Shawkani, Fath al-Qadir, Vol. III, p. 57. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. III, p. 636; Badr al-Din al-Hanafi, 'Umdah al-Qari, Vol. VIII, p. 584; Abduh, Tafsir al-Manar. 12. Ahmad b. H . anbal, al-Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 281; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, p.212. 13. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. V, p. 181. 14. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p. 328. 15. al-Muttaqial-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. XV, p. 123. 16. Ahmad b. H . anbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 118-19; al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 109; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, v, pp. 209, 213. 17. al-Haythami, Majma' al-Zawa'id, Vol. IX, pp. 104-5; al-Hasakani, Shawahid al-Tanzil, Vol. I, p. 193; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 119. Ibn Kathir,al-Bidayah, Vol. v, p. 212. 18. The hadith concerning Ghadir Khumm is to be found with various chains of transmission in the Sunni sources. See al-Ghadir, Vol. I, pp. 14-72, where the hadith is reported from 110 Companions of the Prophet, including Abu Bakr, 'Umar b. al-Khattab, Ubayy b. Ka'b, Usamah b. Zayd, Anas b. Malik, Jabir b. 'Abdullah, Zayd b. Arqam, Talhah, al-Zubayr, and Ibn Mas'ud. See too al-Tirmidhi, Jami al-Sahih, Vol. II, p. 297. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 109; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. XII, p. 50; al-Wah .idi,Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 150; al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. II, p. 298; al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 95; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V. al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, Vol. VII, p.377. al-Tha'labi, al-Tafsir, p. 120; Ibn Hajar, Sawa'iq, Chapter 5. 19. al-Suyut.i, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. II, p. 256; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. II, p. 14; al-Hamawini, Fara'id al-Simt.ayn, Chapter 12; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, Vol. VIII, p. 290; al-Suyuti, al-Itqan, Vol. II, p. 31; al-Khwarazmi, al-Tarikhi. 20. al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p.36. 21. Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-A'yan, Vol. I, p.60. 22. al-Mas'udi, al-Tanbih wa al-Ishraf, p. 32. 23. al-Biruni, al-Athar al-Baqiyah, (Persian translation), p. 334. 24. Cited in al-Ghadir, Vol. I, p. 267. 25. For example, Qur'an, 57:15 and 22:13. 26. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. 1V, p. 281; Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq, p. 26; al-Tabari, al-Tafsir, Vol. III, p. 428; al-Ghazali, Sirr al-'Alamin, p. 9. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. III, p. 636; al-Hamawini, Fara'id al-Simtayn, Chapter XIII; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, p. 209. Ibn Sabbagh, Fusul al-Muhimmah, p. 25; al-Muhibb al-Tabari, Riyad . al-Nadirah, Vol. II, p. 169. 27. Sunni and Shi'i commentators alike are agreed that this verse alludes to Ali. 28. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p. 300. See also Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, Vol. I, p. 44, and Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. IV, pp. 164-5. 29. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 131. 30. Amir al-Mu'minin. 31. Ibn Qutaybah, al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Vol. I, pp. 12-13; Ibn Abi al-H . adid, Sharh; Vol. II, p.5. 32. al-Khwarazmi, al-Manaqib, p. 217. 33. al-Muhibb al-Tabari, Riyad. al-Nadirah, Vol. II, p. 162; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, p. 212; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, pp. 118-19. 34. Ahmad b. H . anbal, al-Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 370; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, p. 212. 35. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 370. See also Ibn Qutaybah, Kitab al-Ma'arif, p. 194. 36. Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, Vol. IV, p. 370. 37. al-Hamawini, Fara'id al-Simtayn, Chapter 58. 38. See the "Khutbah Shaqshaqiyyah" in al-Radi's Nahj al-Balaghah. 39. Sharaf al-Din, al-Muraja'at, (Persian translation), p. 429. 40. See Qur'an, 26:214. 41. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, pp. 111, 159. Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, Vol. II, p.22; al-Tabari, al-Tafsir, Vol. II, p. 216; Abu al-Fida', al-Tarikh, Vol. I, p. 119; al-Ganji, Kifayatal-Talib, p.89. al-Nasa'i, al-Khasa'is, p. 18; al-Halabi, al-Sirah, Vol. I, p.304; Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. III, p. 255; al-Suyuti, Jam' al-Jawami', Vol. VI, p. 408; al-Khifaji, Sharh al-Shifa', Vol. III, p. 37. 42. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, Vol. I, p.245. 43. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 312. 44. Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, Vol. I, p. 44; al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 112. 45. al-Tabari, Tarikh, V ol. II, p. 172. 46. al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, Vol. III, p.58; Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. II, p. 323; Ibn M'ajah, al-Sunan, Vol. I, p. 28; al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 190; Ibn Hajar, Sawa'iq, p. 30; al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. VI, p. 152; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 240; al-Nasa'i, al-Khasa'is ., p.7; Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. III, p.24. 47. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 63; al-Nasa'i, al-Khasa'is ., p. 63; al-Hamawini, Fara'id al-Simtayn, Vol. I, p. 328 al-Dhahabi, Talkhis al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 132; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 331; al-Khwarazmi, al-Manaqib, p. 72; al-Ganji, Kifayat al-Talib, p. 116; Ibn Asakir, al-Tarikh al-Kabir, Vol. I, p. 203; al-Biladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. II, p. 106; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. VII, p. 338; al-'Asqalani, al-Isabah, Vol. II, p.509. 48. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. VII, p. 120; Ibn 'Asakir, al-Tarikh al-Kabir, Vol. I, p. 334; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. VII, p. 341; al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. XIII, p. 163; Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, Vol. I, p.58; al-Nasa'i, al-Khaa'is, p.50; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 51. 49. See Qur'an, 20:29-32. 50. al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. V, p.31. 51. al-Halabi, al-Sirah, Vol. II, p. 97. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, Vol. I, p.505. 52. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. VIII, p. 114. 53. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, Vol. II, p. 460; al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh, Baghdadi, Vol. XII, p. 268; al-Firuzabadi, Fad . a'il al-Khöhamsah, Vol. I, p.114. 54. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 414; al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V 55. al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. VI, p. 395. 56. 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Ibn al-Sabbagh, Fusul al-Muhimmah, p. 24; al-Ganji Kifayat al-Talib, p. 130; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, pp. 17-18; al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 92; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. III, p. 18; al-Naysaburi, Ghara'ib al-Qur'an, Vol. I, p. 349. 65. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, pp. 32-40; Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq, p. 57. al-Irbidi, Kashf al-Ghummah, p.43. 66. al-Halabi, al-Sirah, Vol. III, p. 308. 67 Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq, p. 89. 68. Ibn Qutaybah, al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Vol. I, p. 68; al-Hamawini, Fara'id al-Simtayn, Chapter 37. al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, Vol. IV, p. 21; Fakhr al-Din al-Raz i, Fusul al-Muhimmah. 69. Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq, p. 153. 70. al-Radi, Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 145. 71. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. XIII, p. 202. 72. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. VI, p. 2; al-Bukhari, al-Sahih ., Chapter XV of "Kita'b al-Ahkam". Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 397, Vol. V, p.86; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. VI, p.245; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 373. 73. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. XIII, p. 202. 74. Qur'an, 42:23. 75. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.446. 76. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, Vol. IV p. 338; al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p.92; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, Vol. II, pp. 120-21. 77. Ibn Sa'd,al-Tabaqat, Vol. II, p.249. 78. al-Halabi, al-Sirah, Vol. III, p.336. 79. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. III, p. 25; al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 1. 80. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p.346; Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. V, p. 76; al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 436; Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. II, p.242. 81. al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, Vol. I, p. 22; al-Tabari, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 436; Muslim, al-Sahih ., Vol. V, p. 76; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. III, p.346. 82. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. II, p. 243. 83. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. II, p.242; Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. XI, p. 95; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 336. 84. Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, pp. 227-28; al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, Vol. I, p. 311; al-Diyar Bakri, Tarikh al-Khamis, Vol. I, p. 182; al-Bid'wa al-Tarikh, Vol. V, p. 95; Taysir al-Wusul, Vol. IV, p. 194. 85. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh ., Vol. III, p.97. 86. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. III, p. 1259; al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, Vol. IV , p. 5; Ah . mad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, hadith no. 2992., 87. al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. IV, p. 51. 88. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, Vol. IV, p. 237; Muslim, al-Sahih ., Vol. IV, pp. 37-8, 46; al-Tabari, Tarikhöh, Vol. II, p. 401; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. III, pp. 304, 380. 89. Muslim, al-Sahih ., Vol. VIII, p. 169. 90. al-Amini, al-Ghadir, Vol. VI, p.23. 91. Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. III, p. 408; Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. III, p. 183; al-Halabi, al-Sirah, Vol. II, p. 105; Ibn Kathir, Vol. III, p.23. 92. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. IV, p.38. 93. Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, p. 141. 94. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. IV, pp. 183-4. 95. Risalat al-Islam, Vol. XI, no, 1. 96. al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 107. 97 Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. VIII, p. 11; Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. III, pp. 296-7. 98. Taha Husayn, al-Fitnat al-Kubra, Vol. I, p. 108. 99. al-Sayyid Sharaf al-Din, Fusul al-Muhimmah, pp. 177-92. 100. al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 103. 101. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. II, p. 18. 102. al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, "Kitab al-Fitan". 103. Muslim, al-Sahih, Vol. XV, p. 64. 104. al-Taftazani, Sharh al-Maqasid, p.46. 105. al-Mas'udi, Murujal-Dhahab. 106. Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. V, p.260; al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 94; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 104; al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 451; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, Vol. I, p.34; Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-Farid, Vol. 111, p.61. 107. al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 456. 108. 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Abu al-Fida', al-Tarikhöh, Vol. I, p. 156; al-Diyar Bakri, Tarikh al-Khamis, Vol. I, p. 188; Ibn Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-Farid, Vol. III, p. 63; al-Muhibb al-Tabari, Riyad. al-Nadirah, Vol. I, p. 167. Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. I, pp. 130-34; 122. al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 105; al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, pp. 443-46; al-Muhibb al-Tabari, Riyad al-Nadirah, p. 167. al-Diyar Bakri Tarikh, al-Khamis, Vol. I, p. 188; al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. III, p. 128; Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Sharh ., Vol. I, pp. 122, 132-34. 123. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, Vol. IV, p.308. 124. Ibn Qutaybah, al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, p. 19. 125. al-Tabari, Tarikh; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil. 126. Ibn Qutaybah, al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Vol. I, p. 5. 127. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, Vol. IV, p.34; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. VI, p. 303; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil, Vol. II, p. 129. al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 460. 128. Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. III, p. 107. 129. 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Abd al-Maqsud, al-Imam Ali, Vol. I, p.287. 151. al-Radi, Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 64. 152. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. III, p. 224. 153. al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p.84. 154. Frank Cont (?) Sima-ye Shuja'an, p. 35. 155. al-Ya'qubi, al-Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 114. 156. al-Mas'udi, Murujal-Dhahab. 157. For more details concerning this mythical personality, see Murtada al-'Askari, 'Abdullah bin Saba'. 158. Taha Husayn, al-Fitnat al-Kubra, Vol. II, p.90. 159. Cited in Dr. Haykal, Hayat Muhammad, p. 136. 160. Kurd Ali, Khitat, al-Sham, Vol. VI, p. 246. 161. al-Nawbakhti, al-Maqalat wa al-Firaq, p. 15. 162. Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq, Chapter I; al-Khwarazmi, al-Manaqib, p. 66; al-Hamawini, Fara'id al-Simtayn, Vol. I, Chapter 13; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, Chapter 56; Ibn al-Sabbagh, Fus . ul al-Muhimmah, p. 105; al-Ganji, Kifayat al-Talib, p. 118. 163. Cited in al-Muraja'at, p. 10. 164. al-Radawi, Ma'a Rijal al-Fikr fi al-Qahirah, pp. 40-41. 165. al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p.446. 166. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 383. 167. al-Tirmidh i, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p. 233. 168. Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, Vol. I, p. 53. 169. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p. 334. 170. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p. 332. 171. al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 536. 172. Ibn Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 263. 173. Ibn Qutaybah, al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Vol. I, p. 12. 174. al-Tabari, Tarikh, Vol. II, p. 67. 175. Ibn Qutaybah, al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Vol. I, p. 12. 176. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 211. 177. al-Amini, al-Ghadir, Vol. VI, pp. 110-11. 178. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. II, p. 103. 179. For further cases of this type, see al-Ghadir, Vol. VI-VIII. 180. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. XXV, p. 200. 181. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. III, p. 131. 182. al-'Ayyashi, al-Tafsir, Vol. I, p.252. 183. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. III, p. 123. 184. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.137. 185. See the creed of Abu Bakr al-Mu'min as cited in al-Mar'ashi, Ihqaq al-Haqq, Vol. III, p. 425; Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi, al-Bahr al-Muhit, Vol. III, p.276; al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, pp. 114-16. 186. al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. II, p. 293; Ibn Hajar, al-Kafi al-Shafi, p.53; 'Abduh, Tafsir al-Manar, Vol. VI, p. 442; al-Zamakhshari, Tafsir al-Kashshaf under the said verse; Jami' al-Usul, Vol. IX, p.487,. al-Tabari, al-Tafsir, p. 165; al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. VI, p. 391; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. III, p. 431; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 148. 187. al-Tabari, al-Tafsir, Vol. XXVIII, p. 270; al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. VI, p. 223. 188. al-'Ayyashi, al-Tafsir, Vol. I, p.247. ah. 189. Asad Haydar, al-Imam al-Sadiq wa al-Madhahib al-Arba' 190. Ibn Shahrashub, al-Manaqib, Vol. IV, p.247. 191. Asad Haydar, Imam Sadiq wa Madhahib-i Chaharganeh, (Persian translation), Vol. III, 27-28,46. 192. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. I, p.6. 193. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p. 170. 194. Ah . mad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, pp. 2, 14. 195. Cited in al-Nawawi, Adwa' 'ala al-Sunnat al-Muhammadiyyah, p. 224. 196. Malik, al-Muwatta', p.335. 197. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, Vol. III, p. 151. 198. al-Nawawi, Adwa' p.204. 199. Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, Vol. I, p.200. 200. al-Nawawi, Adwa', p.204. 201. al-Amini, al-Ghadir, Vol. VI, p. 87. 202. al-Bayhaqi, al-Sunan (al-Kubra), Vol. VIII, p. 33. 203. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi , Vol. I, p. 175. 204. al-Radi, Nahj al-Balaghah, p. 146. 205. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, pp. 23, 524. 206. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p. 180. 207. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.21. 208. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. I, p.247. 209. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p. 179. 210. Ibid, Vol. I, p. 195. 211. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. XXIII, p. 19. 212. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. II, p. 179. 213. al-Saduq, al-Amali , p. 376. 214. al-Bahrani, Ghayat al-Maram, p. 295. 215. al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. V, p. 199. 216. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 125. 217. Ibid., p. 126; al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur,
Vol. V, p. 199; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p.
331; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. I, p.
783; al-Suyuti, al-Khasa'is al-Kubra, Vol. II, p. 264; 218. Ibn al-Athir, Jami' al-Usul, Vol. I, p. 101; al-Muhibb al-Tabari, Riyad . al-Nadirah, Vol. II, p. 269; al-Haythami, Majma' al-zawa'id, Vol. IX, pp. 119, 207. 219. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 124. 220. al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. V, p. 198; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, Vol. V, p. 174; al-Haythami, Majma' al-zawa'id, Vol. IX, p. 168. 221. al-Ganji, Kifayat al-Talib, p. 232; Asad Haydar, al-Imam Ahmad b. al-Sadiq wa al-Madhahib al-Arba'ah, Vol. I, p. 89. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. I, p. 330; al-Nasa'i, al-Khasa'is, p. 11; al-Muhibb al-Tabari, Riyad. al-Nadirah, Vol. II, p. 269,. al-Haythami, Majma' al-zawa'id, Vol. IX, pp. 119, 207. 222. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. 11, p. 308; al-H . akim, al-Mustadrak, V ol. 111, p. 158; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah, Vol. III, p. 438; Ibn al-Sabbagh, Fusul al-Muhimmah, p. 8; al-Tabari, al-Tafsir, Vol. XXII, p. 5; al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. V, p. 199; al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. VII, p. 102; Ahmad b. Hanbal, al-Musnad, Vol. III, p.286. 223. al-Bahrani, Ghayat al-Maram, p. 295. 224. al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, Vol. II, p. 189. 225. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p. 534. 226. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. I, p. 232. 227. al-Radi, Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 83. 228. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.200. 229. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. XXV, p. 199. 230. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.204. 231. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.36; al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p.329. 232. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I. 233. Sharaf al-Din, Kalimat al-Ghurra', p.213. 234. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.203. 235. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar Vol. XXVI, p. 160. 236. Ibid., p. 159. 237. Ibid., p. 160. 238. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.255. 239. Ibid., p.222. 240. al-Bahrani, Ghayat al-Maram, p. 514. 241. al-Khwarazmi, al-Manaqib, p. 390; al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras li Nahj al-Balaghah, p. 1407. 242. al-Muttaqi, al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. XV, p. 113. 243. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.225. 244. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. VI, pp. 45-9; al-Saduq, Kitab al-Tawhid, pp. 427-9. 245. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. VIII. 246. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.225. 247. Ibid., p.202. 248. Ibid., p. 176. 249. Ibid., p. 264. 250. Ibid., p. 229. 251. Ibid.., p. 61. 252. Ibid., p. 61. 253. Ibid., p. 63. 254. al-Tabataba'i, al-Mizan, Vol. III, p.74. 255. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p. 213. 256. Ibid., p.241. 257. al-Burujardi, Jami' Ahadith al-Shi'ah, Vol. I, p. 138. 258. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.22. 259. al-Burujardi, Jami' Ahadith al-Shi'ah, Vol. I, p. 141. 260. Ibid., p. 130. 261. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.83. 262. al-Bahrani, Ghayat al-Maram, p.518. 263. al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. VI, p. 516; al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 122. 264. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi , Vol. I, p.64. 265. al-Khwarazmi, al-Manaqib, p. 40; al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 126; al-Khat.ib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, Vol. IV, p.348; Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq, p. 73; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, Vol. IV, p.22. 266. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah" p. 74. 267. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. XIII, p. 171; al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Kanz al-'Ummal, Vol. VI, p. 156; al-Isbahani, Hilyat al-Awliya', Vol. I, p.64. 268. al-Qunduzi, Yanabi' al-Mawaddah, p.69. 269. Ibid., p.77. 270. al-Radi, Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 187. 271. al-Tirmidhi, Jami' al-Sahih, Vol. V, p.297. 272. al-Radi, Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 105. 273. al-Saduq, Kitab al-Tawhid, p. 73. 274. Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, Vol. I, p.391. 275. Ja'far Subhani, Agahi-yi Sevvom, p. 184. 276. Alexis Carrel, Insan, Mawjud-i Nashinakhteh, pp. 135 ff. 277. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.256. 278. Ibid., p.256. 279. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. XXVI, p. 115. 280. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. II, p.258. 281. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 192. 282. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, XXVI, p. 110. 283. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.261. 284. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. XXVI, p. 27. 285. Ibid., p. 110. 286. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.261. 287. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. XXVI, p. 141. 288. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. II, p. 175. 289. Ibid., p. 291. 290. Ibid., p. 253. 291. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. V, p.147. 292. Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani, Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, p. 172. 293. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. V, p.266. 294. Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani, Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, p.298. 295. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. V, p.207. 296. Ibid., Vol. VI, p.286. 297. Ibid., Vol. VI, p.213. 298. Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. II, p.286. 299. Ibid., Vol. II, p.294. 300. Ibn Hisham, Sirah, Vol. IV, p. 308; al-Tabari, Tarikh; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamil; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidayah. 301. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. I, p.132. 302. Muslim, al-Sahih, "Kitab al-Jihad wa Sayr" Bab Ghuzwah Badr, Vol. III, p.1403. 303. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.200.
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